Comprehensive Study on Erectile Dysfunction Treatments for Men Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition that affects millions of men worldwide, characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. This condition can have profound effects on a man's quality of life, self-esteem, and intimate relationships. Fortunately, there are various treatment options available for ED, which can be broadly categorized into pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological therapies, and surgical interventions. This report aims to provide a detailed overview of these treatments, their mechanisms, effectiveness, and potential side effects. 1. Pharmacological Treatments 1.1 Oral Medications The most common pharmacological treatments for ED are oral medications known as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. These include: Sildenafil (Viagra): Approved in 1998, sildenafil works by increasing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation. It is effective for about 4 to 6 hours and is usually taken 30 minutes to an hour before sexual activity. Common side effects include headaches, flushing, and nasal congestion. Tadalafil (Cialis): Tadalafil has a longer duration of action, lasting up to 36 hours, earning it the nickname "the weekend pill." It can be taken daily in lower doses or as needed. Side effects are similar to sildenafil but may also include back pain and muscle aches. Vardenafil (Levitra): Similar to sildenafil, vardenafil is effective for about 4 to 5 hours. It may be more effective in some men but can also cause side effects like dizziness and flushing. Avanafil (Stendra): A newer option, avanafil works quickly, often within 15 minutes, and has a similar side effect profile to other PDE5 inhibitors.